Gertrude Bell Archive at Newcastle University Library and on open-access
Gertrude Bell (1868 – 1926) was a pioneering traveller whose deep interest in the language, culture, history and archaeology of the Near and Middle East led to her involvement in military intelligence in the area during the First World War and in its aftermath to play a leading role in the creation of the modern Iraqi state. She was also Honorary Director of Antiquities in Iraq and established the Iraq