Rethinking Tianxia and Global Governance in 2025

By Tang Meng Kit|October 16, 2025|International Relations|

At the 2025 SCO summit, Chinese President Xi Jinping called for a “more just and equitable” world order. Yet China’s actions in the South China Sea reveal the paradox of Tianxia—an ancient ideal of harmony that can conceal hierarchy. Tang Meng Kit examines how this Confucian concept is reshaping, and testing, China’s global ambitions.

The Bhutan Anomaly

By Robert Barnett|December 18, 2024|International Relations|

Research by Robert Barnett and others has found that China has been annexing Bhutanese territory in recent years.